Data Communication

 Cache is very small amount of extremely fast memory inside the microprocessor or on the motherboard It is faster and more expensive than RAM. It Stores information most frequently used by computer. purpose of Cache is to increase processing capabilities of a system and enhance its speed. There are three levels of cache L1 L2 and L3 .L1 is placed inside microprocessor whereas L2 and L3 are on motherboard 

 OPTICAL MEMORY  Optical memory is an electronic storage medium that uses a laser beam to store and retrieve digital data .  It was first used to represent analog sound signals into digital form .  In optical storage technology, a laser beam encodes digital data on an optical disc or laser disc in the form of tiny pits arranged in a spiral pattern on the surface of the disc .  Optical memory was developed by Philips and Sony and released in 1982 in the fourth generation of computers . In optical media such as CDs, DVDs, and Blu-Ray discs,  pits  and  lands  play a crucial role in representing binary information.  Pits are microscopic depressions on the disc’s surface. When a laser beam hits a pit, it shatters, and no reflection is received. As a result, a  binary 0 (O)  is registered. Essentially, pits correspond to the absence of data. Think of pits as the valleys or low points on the disc.: Lands are the flat areas betwe...

communication system consists of the following fie basic components Sender Receiver Message Transmission Medium Protocol In the communication process, the sender is the individual who initiates a message and is also called the communicator or source of communication. The individual or the group of individuals who responds to the sender is called the receiver or audience. Sender and receiver Certain factors can complicate communication between a sender and receiver: Different beliefs, values, and personalities influence the way the sender and receiver perceive information. So senders and receivers may have different reactions to the same  information. Various barriers to communication prevent a sender's message from being understood as intended. Examples include bad grammar and word choice, and the nature of the relationship between the sender and receiver.